Staff Development and Digital Leadership as Predictors of Educational Outcomes in Public Secondary Schools in Calabar Education Zone, Cross River State, Nigeria 0 0

Authors

  • Chijioke Ofem Dick-Ub Department of Educational Management, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria Author
  • Samuel Okpon Ekaette Department of Educational Management, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria Author
  • Godswill Emmanuel Ayi Department of Educational Management, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.60787/jete.vol9no1.63

Keywords:

staff development, digital leadership, ICT integration, educational outcomes, cognitive outcomes, affective outcomes, practical outcomes

Abstract

The calibre of secondary school graduates is substantially shaped by the professional quality of their teachers and the technological infrastructure that supports teaching and learning. This study investigated the extent to which staff development and digital leadership predict educational outcomes (cognitive, affective, and practical) in public secondary schools in Calabar Education Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria. Two null hypotheses were formulated and tested at the .05 level of significance using a correlational research design. The study population comprised all 94 public secondary schools in the zone; 64 schools were selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using two validated instruments: the School Development Variables Questionnaire (SDVQ) completed by teachers and the Educational Outcomes Questionnaire (EOQ) completed by SS2 students. Cronbach alpha reliability coefficients ranged from .77 to .91 across all subscales. Simple linear regression was used to test each null hypothesis, and hierarchical multiple regression determined incremental contributions within the full six-variable model. Results showed that staff development significantly predicted overall educational outcomes (R² = .342, F[1,62] = 32.219, p < .05), as well as cognitive outcomes (R² = .167), affective outcomes (R² = .250), and practical outcomes (R² = .281). Digital leadership was an even stronger predictor, accounting for 38.2% of the variance in overall educational outcomes (R² = .382, F[1,62] = 38.310, p < .05) and significantly predicting all three outcome dimensions. It was concluded that both variables are complementary andmeaningful contributors to educational quality in public secondary schools. The study recommends sustained, targeted staff development programmes and substantial government investment in ICT infrastructure and digital leadership capacity in Calabar Education Zone.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Aboderin, O. S., Fadare, O. G., & Kumuyi, G. J. (2012). A pedagogical appraisal of internet and computer usage among secondary school teachers and students in the Southwest Nigeria. World Journal on Educational Technology, 4(1), 24–34.

Ali, R. K., & Hamza, M. A. (2018). Impact of teachers’ training on students’ learning attitude and organizational performance. The International Journal of Business & Management, 6(10), 239–248.

Armstrong, P. (2010). Bloom’s taxonomy. Vanderbilt University Center for Teaching. Retrieved from https://cft.vanderbilt.edu

Ayeni, A., & Ogunbameru, M. (2013). Effective utilization and maintenance of ICT facilities for quality teaching and learning outcome in secondary schools in Ondo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Research Studies in Educational Technology, 2(2), 27–40.

Bassey, U. A., Bassey, A. O., Ojua, T. A., & Ottong, J. G. (2011). Impact of training and retraining on teachers’ productivity: An empirical analysis of public schools in Calabar South, Nigeria. Journal of Education and Leadership Development, 3, 75–84.

Cochrane, T., Antonczak, L., Guinibert, M., & Mulrennan, D. (2014). Developing a mobile social media framework for creative pedagogies. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED557241.pdf

Encarnacion, R. E., Galang, A. D., & Hallar, B. A. (2021). The impact and effectiveness of e-learning on teaching and learning. International Journal of Computing Sciences Research, 5(1), 383–397.

Enu, D. B., & Esu, A. E. O. (2011). Re-engineering values education in Nigerian schools as catalyst for national development. International Education Studies, 4(1), 147–153.

Espinosa, A. M. G. (2017). Estimating the education production function for cognitive and non-cognitive development of children in Vietnam. Unpublished M.Sc thesis, University College London.

Essien, E. E., Akpan, O. E., & Obot, I. M. (2016). The influence of in-service training, seminars and workshops attendance by social studies teachers on academic performance of students in Cross River State, Nigeria. Journal of Education and Practice, 8(22), 31–35.

Eze, T. A. Y. (2016). Teachers’ perception of the impact of training and retraining on teachers’ productivity in Enugu State, Nigeria. Journal of Research in Business and Management, 4(3), 33–37.

Faloye, B. O., & Olaniyan, A. S. (2019). Digital appreciation and English language teachers’ professional development in Ekiti State Government colleges. International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, 5(12), 23–29.

Federal Republic of Nigeria. (2014). National Policy on Education. Abuja: Federal Ministry of Education.

Harris, D. H., & Sass, T. R. (2008). Teacher training, teacher quality and student achievement. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED509656.pdf

Hoque, K. E., Alam, G. M., & Abdullah, A. G. K. (2011). Impact of teachers’ professional development on school improvement: An analysis at Bangladesh standpoint. Asia Pacific Education Review, 12, 337–348.

Isangedighi, A. J. (2012). Essentials of research and statistics in education and social sciences. Calabar: Eti-Nwa Associates.

Juran, J. M. (1951). Quality Control Handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Khan, S., & Abdullah, N. N. (2019). The impact of staff training and development on teachers’ productivity. Economics, Management and Sustainability, 4(1), 37–45.

Lua, M., Loyalkab, P., Sha, Y., Changa, F., Liud, C., & Rozelleb, S. (2017). The impact of teacher professional development programs on student achievement in rural China (Stanford Working Paper No. 600). Stanford CA: Stanford Centre for International Development.

Mabindisa, V. (2021). How training and development of academic staff impact on employee performance for organizational effectiveness at a selected college in the Eastern Cape Province. Doctoral dissertation, Durban University of Technology.

Macleani, I. F. (2018). In-service training and teachers’ job performance in public senior secondary schools in Rivers State. International Journal of Scientific Research in Education, 11(3), 493–520.

Nathan, S. S., Berahim, M., & Ramle, R. (2017). Rubric for measuring psychomotor and affective learning domain. Pertanika Journal of Social Science & Humanities, 25, 101–108.

Ngozi, O. A., & Sam-Odumo, O. (2018). Retraining programmes for teacher productivity in public secondary schools in Bayelsa State. World Journal of Innovative Research, 5(4), 24–28.

Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Obakhume, A. S. A. (2012). Assessment of secondary school teachers’ use of ICT in Oyo Metropolis, Nigeria. Educatia Plus, 8(1), 198–206.

Okoi, B. J., Okoi, C. E., & Eteng, S. (2022). Influence of school environment on academic performance of secondary school students in Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State, Nigeria. Journal of Social Sciences and Management Studies, 1(3), 12–16.

Okon, C. E., Akuegwu, B. A., & Uko, E. S. (2016). Teachers’ professional development and students’ academic achievement in secondary schools in Calabar Education Zone, Cross River State, Nigeria. British Journal of Education, 4(2), 46–55.

Onu, F. M., & Ezhim, I. A. (2019). Utilization of ICT facilities for enhancing instructional delivery of agricultural science in Nigeria secondary schools. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal), 2646.

Owan, V. J., & Ekpenyong, J. A. (2022). Usage of electronic infrastructures and students’ learning effectiveness in Nigerian universities: A polytomous logistic prediction. Ubiquitous Learning: An International Journal, 15(2), 87–104.

Quddus, A., Nugroho, B. S., Hakim, L., Ritaudin, M. S., Nurhasanah, E., Suarsa, A., & Sudargini, Y. (2020). Effect of ecological, servant and digital leadership style influence university performance? Evidence from Indonesian universities. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(10), 408–417.

Rahman, S., Jumani, N. B., Akhter, Y., Chisthi, S. A. H. H., & Ajmal, M. (2011). Relationship between teacher training and effective teaching. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(4), 150–160.

Robson, F., & Mavin, S. (2014). Evaluating training and development in UK universities: Staff perceptions. European Journal of Training and Development, 38(6), 553–569.

Schultz, T. W. (1961). Investment in human capital. American Economic Review, 51(1), 1–17.

Sheninger, E. (2019). Digital leadership: Changing paradigms for changing times (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Corwin Press.

Udofia, U. I., & Ikpe, I. (2012). Influence of administration of in-service training on teachers’ attitude to work in private secondary schools in Cross River State. Educational Research, 3(9), 723–730.

Yusof, R., Yaakob, M. F. M., & Ibrahim, M. Y. (2019). Digital leadership among school leaders in Malaysia. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 8(9), 1481–1485.

Zhong, L. (2016). Effectiveness of digital leadership at k-12 schools in Mississippi. Doctoral dissertation, Mississippi State University.

Downloads

Published

2026-09-12

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Staff Development and Digital Leadership as Predictors of Educational Outcomes in Public Secondary Schools in Calabar Education Zone, Cross River State, Nigeria. (2026). Journal of Environmental and Tourism Education, 9(1), 81-99. https://doi.org/10.60787/jete.vol9no1.63

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Similar Articles

11-20 of 29

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.